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"1991-04-08", "time": "10:00" }, { "name": "MDB EXE", "size": 55392, "date": "1991-04-08", "time": "10:00" }, { "name": "MON EXP", "size": 142333, "date": "1991-04-08", "time": "10:00" }, { "name": "DBGLIB REX", "size": 35032, "date": "1991-03-20", "time": "12:39" }, { "name": "CX EXE", "size": 11582, "date": "1990-08-30", "time": "9:45" }, { "name": "MDB1 CX", "size": 358830, "date": "1991-04-22", "time": "16:33" } ] }, { "path": "/EXAMPLES", "files": [ { "name": "MDB_BAD C", "size": 635, "date": "1991-04-08", "time": "10:24" }, { "name": "MDB_GOOD C", "size": 636, "date": "1991-04-08", "time": "10:24" } ] } ] } }, "desc_file": "README", "desc_text": " Copyright (C) 1991 MetaWare Incorporated; All Rights Reserved.\r\n\r\n High C Version 2.31\r\n Globally Optimizing Compiler\r\n for Extended DOS 80386/486\r\n April 1991\r\n\r\n\r\nTable of Contents\r\n-----------------\r\n 1. Introduction\r\n 2. Release Notes\r\n 3. New Features\r\n 4. Additions/Corrections to Printed Documentation\r\n 5. Wildcard Expansion\r\n 6. Driver Notes\r\n 7. New Command-Line Options\r\n 8. GFX Graphics Functions\r\n 9. Known Problems\r\n\r\n\r\n1. Introduction\r\n----------------\r\n\r\n This product is an entirely new version of the High C 386 compiler for MS-\r\n DOS. The compiler includes global optimizations and a function inliner\r\n that greatly enhance the performance of the generated code. The full power\r\n of protected mode on the 386 and 486 is supported in conjunction with Phar\r\n Lap's 386|DOS-Extender. Specific support for the 486 is provided under\r\n toggle control. Version 2.3 enhances program development with support for\r\n the 32-bit source-level debugger, an execution profiler, a one-step compile-\r\n and-link driver, an editor, a graphics library for the 386/486 in protected\r\n mode, and MetaWare's DOS Helper (a set of UNIX-style utilities for MS-DOS).\r\n There are many internal differences between the 1.x and 2.x versions of High\r\n C. However, the source-language syntax and command-line options are almost\r\n identical (except for the points mentioned in file ETC\\DIFFER.DOC).\r\n\r\n\r\n2. Release Notes\r\n-----------------\r\n\r\n* For installation instructions, read the Installation Guide provided with\r\n your documentation.\r\n\r\n* For differences from prior versions, read the New Information! document.\r\n\r\n* Last-minute-supplied or unclassified software is in subdirectory ETC.\r\n\r\n* See file WEITEK.DOC in the WEITEK subdirectory for detailed information\r\n about Weitek ABACUS coprocessor support.\r\n\r\n\r\n3. New Features\r\n----------------\r\n\r\n* MetaWare Profiler: see file README.PRF for information about the Profiler.\r\n\r\n* MetaWare Debugger: if you have also licensed the MetaWare Debugger, see file\r\n README.MDB for information.\r\n\r\n* Microsoft Graphics compatibility functions.\r\n\r\n* SIGNAL.H functions raise() and signal() implemented.\r\n\r\n* Interrupt vector functions added to DOS.H:\r\n _getrvect()\r\n _getpvect()\r\n _setrvect()\r\n _setpvect()\r\n _setrpvectp()\r\n\r\n These functions have been added to the High C Extended DOS 80386 Run-Time\r\n Library. Their counterparts in the 80x86 product are _dos_getvect() and\r\n _dos_setvect().\r\n\r\n* Optimization Levels\r\n\r\n The compiler now has five optimization levels, numbered 0 through 4. You\r\n specify the optimization level on the command line with option -On, where O\r\n is the letter O and n is a number 0 through 4 (for instance, specify -O2 for\r\n optimization level 2). The default level is 0. In general, the higher the\r\n optimization level, the faster the generated code will run, usually at the\r\n expense of compile time.\r\n\r\n Here is a summary of the additional optimizations performed at each level:\r\n\r\n Level 0 (Default)\r\n -----------------\r\n - One iteration of local common subexpression elimination (CSE), copy\r\n propagation, and constant propagation.\r\n\r\n - One iteration of live/dead analysis.\r\n\r\n - Numerous strength reductions (such as multiply converted to shift).\r\n\r\n - Global register allocation.\r\n\r\n Level 1\r\n -------\r\n - Multiple iterations of local common subexpression elimination\r\n (CSE), copy propagation, and constant propagation.\r\n\r\n - Global CSE elimination (multiple iterations).\r\n\r\n - Removal of invariant expressions from loops.\r\n\r\n - Multiple iterations of live/dead analysis.\r\n\r\n - Register lifetime analysis prior to register allocation (can improve\r\n global register allocation).\r\n\r\n - Back-substitution of epilogue code to avoid unconditional jumps.\r\n\r\n - Expression simplification by applying law of associativity.\r\n For example, (x+k1)+k2 -> x+(k1+k2)\r\n\r\n - Improved spill analysis when performing register allocation.\r\n\r\n - Cross jumping (tail merging).\r\n\r\n Level 2\r\n -------\r\n - Local CSE elimination phase is re-invoked to clean up register\r\n spill code.\r\n\r\n Level 3\r\n -------\r\n - The Behaved toggle is initialized to On. Consequently, the compiler\r\n assumes that the program being compiled is \"well behaved\". See\r\n Section 4 below for a description of this toggle.\r\n\r\n Level 4\r\n -------\r\n - Same as Level 3 as of this writing.\r\n\r\n* Warning Levels\r\n\r\n The compiler now supports four levels of warning diagnostics, numbered 0\r\n through 4. Setting the warning level to n means that warning diagnostics\r\n with severity level n or less are displayed. A setting of 0 suppresses all\r\n warnings. The default warning level is 3. Level 1 warnings should be of\r\n most interest to programmers. Levels 2 and 3 are less so; level 4 is merely\r\n informational.\r\n\r\n You can set the warning level on the command line with option -wn, where n\r\n is a number 0 through 4; or you can use pragma Warning_level in your source.\r\n Pragma Warning_level has the following form:\r\n\r\n #pragma Warning_level(n)\r\n\r\n where n is a decimal integer constant denoting the level.\r\n\r\n Messages and classifications may change as the compiler is revised. As of\r\n this writing, warning messages are classified as follows:\r\n\r\n Level 4 (Initializes VP_UP_warn toggle to On)\r\n -------\r\n Old-style K&R C would possibly produce different results for\r\n relational.\r\n\r\n Level 3\r\n -------\r\n '=' encountered where '==' may have been intended.\r\n Function called but not defined.\r\n Unsigned compare with zero always false/true.\r\n Variable \"name\" is never referenced.\r\n\r\n Level 2\r\n -------\r\n Expression has no side effects.\r\n Prototype causes non-standard conversion from \"type1\" to \"type2\".\r\n (Also under control of Prototype_conversion_warn toggle.)\r\n Static function is not referenced.\r\n Toggle \"name\" is unrecognized.\r\n Variable \"name\" is possibly referenced before set.\r\n\r\n All other warning messages are level 1.\r\n\r\n\r\n4. Additions/Corrections to Printed Documentation\r\n--------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n* Toggle Behaved -- default Off at optimization levels 0-2, On at level 3 and\r\n above.\r\n\r\n When this toggle is On, the compiler assumes that the program being\r\n compiled is \"well behaved\". A \"well behaved\" program follows these rules:\r\n\r\n - No address of a union member is ever assigned to a pointer.\r\n\r\n - No value of a pointer type is ever cast to an incompatible pointer type.\r\n\r\n With these assumptions, the compiler may be able to generate substantially\r\n better code when referencing pointer-based variables.\r\n\r\n The compiler issues an appropriate warning if any of the above assumptions\r\n is violated in a way that affects assumptions made by the optimizer. You\r\n must judge whether the warnings can be safely ignored, or if the program\r\n needs to be compiled at a lower optimization level.\r\n\r\n WARNING: The compiler may not catch all instances of misbehaved code. For\r\n example, a pointer-to-char may be passed to an undeclared\r\n external function expecting a pointer-to-int. Therefore, it is\r\n possible for a program to compile at level 3 without warnings\r\n (and yet run incorrectly), but run correctly when compiled at a\r\n lower optimization level.\r\n\r\n* Toggle Callee_pops_when_possible\r\n\r\n Callee_pops_when_possible works with non-prototyped functions and is\r\n completely SAFE. The compiler marks those functions that are \"safe\" with a\r\n bit. If the function is non-prototyped and is called before it is defined,\r\n or called with an argument list inconsistent with its definition, then the\r\n \"safe\" bit is turned off.\r\n\r\n* Toggle Use_UP_rules -- Default: Off\r\n\r\n In C there are two rules for implicitly widening an unsigned char or\r\n unsigned short operand in an arithmetic expression: value-preserving (VP)\r\n and unsignedness-preserving (UP).\r\n\r\n The VP rule widens an unsigned char or unsigned short to signed int. This\r\n is the rule used in Standard C.\r\n\r\n The UP rule widens such operands to unsigned int. This rule is used by\r\n older compilers, such as those based on the AT&T Portable C Compiler.\r\n\r\n Some programs can behave differently depending on which rule is in force.\r\n For example:\r\n\r\n unsigned char c;\r\n ...\r\n if (c-1 > 0) foo();\r\n\r\n If c happens to have the value zero when the if statement is executed, the\r\n relational expression will be false if the VP rule is used, true if the UP\r\n rule is used. This latter characteristic occurs because c is widened to an\r\n unsigned int; therefore, the type of the expression c-1 is also unsigned\r\n int.\r\n\r\n If you are compiling code that was originally developed under a UP\r\n compiler, turn On toggle Use_UP_rules.\r\n\r\n* Toggle VP_UP_warn - Default: Off if Warning_Level < 4; On otherwise.\r\n\r\n When On, the compiler issues a warning when it encounters an expression\r\n that could have a different value depending on whether value-preserving or\r\n unsignedness-preserving rules are used. See the description of toggle\r\n Use_UP_rules.\r\n\r\n* -Hansi and in-line transcendentals\r\n\r\n If you are using the -Hansi switch and would like to get faster transcen-\r\n dentals, but are not concerned about errno values, you may turn off the\r\n toggle Strict_ansi_math:\r\n\r\n -Hansi -Hoff=Strict_ansi_math\r\n\r\n By default, when -Hansi is specified on the command line, Strict_ansi_math\r\n is also set by the driver. Strict_ansi_math causes the compiler to\r\n generate calls to library functions for the transcendentals, instead of\r\n inlining them. This is necessary for ANSI conformance. Without the calls,\r\n the compiler will inline many trancendentals; and after the Common Sub-\r\n expression Elimination phase of optimization, errno may not always be set.\r\n\r\n* log(), log10()\r\n\r\n The log() and log10() functions are documented to return -HUGE_VAL if\r\n passed a value <= 0.0 when, in fact, the functions return 0.0. This\r\n behavior is outside ANSI specifications (\"A domain error occurs if the\r\n argument is negative. A range error may occur if the argument is zero.\")\r\n and should not be relied upon.\r\n\r\n* Memory-model override\r\n\r\n In both Version 2.3 and Version 1.7 of the High C compiler for Extended\r\n DOS 80386, command-line option -Mx overrides any \"pragma Memory_model\"\r\n specification in the program. However, Versions 1.7 and 2.3 differ in how\r\n multiple \"pragma Memory_model\" specifications are handled. In 1.7 the last\r\n instance overrides any previous specifications; in 2.3 the first instance\r\n takes precedence.\r\n\r\n* Optimize_for_space toggle is recognized, but is not yet supported.\r\n\r\n* PCC_msgs toggle\r\n\r\n The PCC_msgs toggle has been replaced by a more general warning level\r\n capability. You can set the warning level on the command line with\r\n option -wn, where n is a number 0 through 4; or you can use pragma\r\n Warning_level in your source. See the New Features section of this\r\n readme for more information about warning levels.\r\n\r\n* _setlogorg() library function\r\n\r\n This function was incorrectly documented to take void as its argument.\r\n The proper usage is:\r\n\r\n struct xycoord{ short xcoord, short ycoord } _setlogorg(short x,short y);\r\n\r\n The return value is the previous logical coordinate of the origin.\r\n\r\n* _setvideomode() library function\r\n\r\n The macro _ERESCOLOR was incorrectly documented to supply 64 colors\r\n and 640x480 resolution. The correct attributes are 16 colors and\r\n 640x350 resolution.\r\n\r\n* Stack dump\r\n\r\n The stackdump(int handle) routine does not include any routine names. It\r\n does include the \"will return to\" address, and eight arguments from the\r\n stack. It cannot provide any arguments that were passed in registers.\r\n\r\n* Use_wtlbase_for_weitek toggle\r\n\r\n This toggle has been added for Weitek support. With flat-model code, use\r\n _mwWTLBASE as the base address of the Weitek instructions.\r\n\r\n\r\n5. Wildcard Expansion\r\n----------------------\r\n\r\n ETC\\WCARD.C is a program that examines DOS wildcards in the argc/argv\r\n array and expands them. If compiled with TEST defined, the program\r\n executes and shows the arguments before and after expansion. Compiled\r\n without TEST, it is suitable for inclusion in your program.\r\n\r\n\r\n6. Driver Notes\r\n----------------\r\n\r\n When you invoke High C with the command hc386, you are invoking a driver\r\n program which in turn invokes the compiler. See the Programmer's Guide\r\n chapter Invoking and Controlling the Compiler.\r\n\r\n\r\n7. New Command-Line Options\r\n----------------------------\r\n\r\n -fsoft Causes the compiler to generate emulation code and link with the\r\n emulation library.\r\n\r\n -f287 Causes the compiler to generate 287 floating-point code and link\r\n with the coprocessor library.\r\n\r\n -f387 Causes the compiler to generate 387 floating-point code and link\r\n with the coprocessor library.\r\n\r\n -f4167 See file WEITEK.DOC in the WEITEK subdirectory, and Programmer's\r\n -f3167 Guide chapter Floating-Point Support, for information about these\r\n -f1167 options.\r\n\r\n -sched Turns scheduling on when used with toggle -486 or option -f1167,-\r\n f3167, or -f4167.\r\n\r\n -w67seg (MS-DOS hosts only.) Enables segmented code generation for\r\n Weitek instructions.\r\n\r\n -w67flat (MS-DOS hosts only.) Enables flat-model code generation for\r\n Weitek instructions. Also causes the compiler to use _mwWTLBASE\r\n as the base address of the Weitek instructions.\r\n\r\n -weitek Used in conjunction with -f1167, -f3167, or -f4167, this toggle\r\n enables options -sched, -w67flat, and -O.\r\n\r\n\r\n8. GFX Graphics Functions\r\n-------------------------\r\n\r\n If you use option -Hansi (for strict ANSI conformance), GFX Graphics\r\n functions will not be available to you with the original all-uppercase\r\n versions of the function names unless you explicitly link non-ANSI library\r\n NA.LIB. This is because these non-ANSI function names appear only in\r\n NA.LIB, which is omitted from the link when you specify -Hansi on the\r\n driver command line.\r\n\r\n You can use the functions as documented, with option -Hansi specified, by\r\n linking NA.LIB and specifying #define __HIGHC__ before including GFX.H.\r\n For example:\r\n\r\n #define __HIGHC__\r\n #include \r\n #undef __HIGHC__\r\n\r\n Link NA.LIB by specifying driver command-line option -lNA.LIB.\r\n\r\n NA.LIB includes all the non-ANSI function names. GFX Graphics functions\r\n have also been provided in the ANSI library, with their names lowercased\r\n and prefixed by _gfx_. For example, SCREEN becomes _gfx_screen. The GFX\r\n macro names are prefixed with an underscore. For example, DFLT becomes\r\n _DFLT.\r\n\r\n NOTE: The GFX functions are not prototyped in accordance with the ANSI\r\n Standard, so you may get copious warning messages from the compiler\r\n indicating that a called function does not conform to its prototype.\r\n If you do not require strict ANSI conformance, you may ignore such\r\n warning messages about GFX functions.\r\n\r\n NOTE: The GFX Graphics functions work only if linked with a linker that\r\n produces Phar Lap .EXP type executables.\r\n\r\n\r\n9. Known Problems\r\n------------------\r\n\r\n* Function _bios_disk() does not support read, write, or verify operations.\r\n\r\n* The graphics functions provided work only if linked with a linker that\r\n produces Phar Lap .EXP type executables.\r\n\r\n* You must call _setvideomode() before using any of the graphics functions\r\n in graph.h.\r\n\r\n* The graphics function _setlogorg() sets the wrong origin when used in\r\n conjunction with _setcliprgn(). The origin it sets is relative to the\r\n upper lefthand corner of the viewport or current clipping region. It\r\n should be relative only to the viewport origin. This will affect all\r\n the graphics procedures which use the origin to calculate where to\r\n write pixels.\r\n\r\n* The functions _outtext(), _settextwindow(), and _settextposition() support\r\n only 25 rows of text output. When _setvideomode() is called, it resets\r\n the text screen to 80x25 or 40x25 text resolution, depending on which text\r\n resolution is supported by the video mode you set. _setvideomode() must\r\n be called before any of the graphics functions from graph.h can be called.\r\n\r\n* A bug in fgets() causes the end-of-file flag not to be set when end-of-file\r\n is reached while reading a file in binary mode. When end-of-file is\r\n reached, fgets() returns NULL.\r\n\r\n* If the first character of an I/O buffer was a '\\n', it was not correctly\r\n translated by fwrite() to CR LF when writing to a file. This bug is\r\n fixed in this version.\r\n\r\n* At the hardware level, the signal() and raise() functions support only\r\n Ctrl-C and the critical-error exceptions. All other signals are supported\r\n at the software level (via raise()).\r\n\r\n WARNING: If a hardware interrupt occurs during a DOS or BIOS operation, it\r\n may not be possible to execute the signal handler. In this case,\r\n the results are undefined, and may result in a system crash. See\r\n the Library Reference Manual for descriptions of signal() and\r\n raise().\r\n\r\n* It is not possible to install the first function in the code segment as\r\n a signal handler. The address of the first function is cs:0, which when\r\n passed to signal() (for example, signal(SIGINT,foo)) is interpreted as\r\n SIG_DFL (#define'd to 0 in signal.h). This causes the program to execute\r\n an exit(3) instruction (the default action) instead of the intended\r\n handler. To solve this problem, move the handler away from the beginning\r\n of the file in which it resides, or change the order in which the object\r\n modules are linked.\r\n\r\n* BlackStar C Function Library interrupt functions in_remint(), in_setint(),\r\n sy_setintf(), and sy_setintv() are not supported.\r\n\r\n* BlackStar C Function Library mouse functions ms_cget(), ms_cset(),\r\n ms_csof(), ms_cson(), ms_field(), ms_init(), ms_intr(), ms_motion(),\r\n ms_press(), ms_rels(), ms_shape(), and ms_stat() are not supported.\r\n\r\n* Running program SI_TEST.C in the BlackStar C Function Library may hang\r\n your machine.\r\n\r\n\r\nOther Problems\r\n--------------\r\n\r\nIf you think you have discovered a compiler problem, send a problem report to\r\nMetaWare Technical Support. If possible, please send a test case that\r\ndemonstrates the problem.\r\n\r\nAll problem reports must include your serial number and specify which version\r\nof the compiler you are using. If your sample code exceeds 15 lines, please\r\nsend it by diskette to the address below, or by E-mail to:\r\n\r\n uunet!acad!metaware!tech\r\n -or-\r\n Internet tech@metaware.com\r\n -or-\r\n INTERNET:tech@metaware.com\r\n\r\nMetaWare Customer Service can be reached at (408) 429-6111, 8:00 am to 4:30 pm\r\nMonday through Friday.\r\n\r\n\r\nMetaWare Incorporated\r\n2161 Delaware Avenue\r\nSanta Cruz, CA 95060-5706\r\n(408)429-6382 FAX:(408)429-9273" }